Diagnosing secondary hypertension american family physician. Causes of secondary hypertension with clinical indications and diagnostic screening tests. Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure that results from an underlying, identifiable, often correctable cause. While the majority of patients have essential hypertension that does not have an identifiable cause, it is important to recognise secondary causes of hypertension table i, as. Doctors call high blood pressure that is not due to another condition or disease primary or essential hypertension. The guidelines are intended to benefit physicians at primary, secondary and tertiary level, general practitioners, internists and family medicine specialists, clinical. Early onset hypertension up to 85% of preadolescent children with hypertension have secondary cause most commonly renal parenchymal disease gn, congenital, reflux nephropathy may not present until adolescentyoung adult consider adding urine culture and renal ultrasonography as part of routine. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysm. Secondary hypertension refers to arterial hypertension due to an identifiable. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease hypertension.
Keeping blood pressure under control is vital for preserving health. Pdf the prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension was determined. Seven hundred and ninetyeight men who had blood pressures above 175115 mm hg at preliminary screening were recalled for further blood pressure measurements. Recent studies have demonstrated that primary aldosteronism pa is the most common form of secondary hypertension when determinations of serum aldosterone sa, plasma renin activity pra, and the sapra ratio are used as screening tools and the fludrocortisone, saline infusion, or captopril tests are used to confirm the diagnosis. Basic and optional laboratory tests for primary hypertension. Hypertension in all children was defined as sustained bp ele vation above the 95th. Pulmonary hypertension is considered a contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with t. Hypertension highlights 2017 health metrics american heart. Pdf prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension does not have an apparent cause. However, 5% to 10% of these patients may have secondary hypertension, which indicates an. Differentiation between primary and secondary hypertension in. Hypertension is the single biggest contributor to the global burden of disease, and is the most common chronic medical condition presenting to primary care physicians in singapore. Differential diagnosis and basic principles of treatment.
Three hundred and siztyone men were undergoing treatment for hypertension. The prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension was determined in a random sample of 7455 swedish men aged 47 to 54 years. Most patients with hypertension have no clear etiology and are classified as having primary hypertension. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is classified as essential primary or secondary. When hypertension is caused by another condition or disease process, it is called secondary hypertension. The aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension with an underlying, potentially correctable cause.
Pharmacologic treatment of primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension brown 1991 pharmacotherapy. No manual editing of the monitor readings was performed. Frequent etiological factors for secondary hypertension include renal parenchymal hypertension, primary aldosteronism pa, renovascular. Resistant hypertension rh is defined as blood pressure above a goal despite adherence to at least 3 optimally dosed antihypertensive medications of different classes. Primary hypertension has no single known cause but several mechanisms are linked to altered pathways in bp control. Blood pressure goal for patients with hypertension. Pharmacologic treatment of primary and secondary pulmonary. Pdf secondary hypertension occurs in 510% of cases in the patient population with primary hypertension. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored. A secondary etiology may be suggested by symptoms e.